Oral human papillomavirus infection

定义

Human papillomavirus infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection. 的 infection is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV).

HPV can cause genital warts and lead to 子宫颈癌. Certain types of HPV can cause an infection in the mouth and throat. In some people, this can cause 口腔癌.

This article is about oral HPV infection.

选择的名字

Oropharyngeal HPV infection; Oral HPV infection

原因

Oral HPV is thought to spread mainly through oral sex and deep tongue kissing. 的 virus passes from one person to another during sexual activity.

Your risk of getting the infection goes up if you:

• Have more sexual partners
• 使用烟草或酒精
• Have a weak immune system

Men are more likely to have oral HPV infection than women.

Certain types of HPV are known to cause cancer of the 咽喉或喉部. This is called oropharyngeal cancer. HPV-16 is associated with almost all 口腔癌s.

症状

Oral HPV infection shows no symptoms. You can have HPV without ever knowing it. You can pass on the virus because you don't know you have it.

Most people who develop oropharyngeal cancer from an HPV infection have had the infection for a long time.

症状 of oropharyngeal cancer may include:

• Abnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds
• 咳嗽
• 咳血
• Trouble swallowing, pain when swallowing
• Sore throat that lasts more than 2 to 3 weeks, even with antibiotics
• Hoarseness that does not get better in 3 to 4 weeks
• 淋巴结肿大
• White or red area (lesion) on tonsils
• 下颌疼痛或肿胀
• 颈部或脸颊肿块
• 不明原因的体重减轻

考试和测试

An oral HPV infection has no symptoms and cannot be detected by a test.

If you have symptoms that concern you, it does not mean you have cancer, but you should see your health care provider to get it checked.

You may undergo a physical exam. Your provider may examine your mouth area. You may be asked about your medical history and any symptoms you noticed.

Your provider may look in your throat or nose using a flexible tube with a small camera at the end.

If your provider suspects cancer, other tests may be ordered, such as:

• 活组织检查 怀疑有肿瘤. This tissue will also be tested for HPV.
• 胸部x光片.
• 胸部CT扫描.
• CT scan of head and neck.
• 头部MRI 或颈部.
• PET扫描.

治疗

Most oral HPV infections go away on their own without treatment within 2 years and do not cause any health problems.

可能出现的并发症

Certain types of HPV can cause oropharyngeal cancer.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your provider right away if you notice any of the symptoms of mouth and throat cancer.

预防

使用 避孕套和牙科水坝 may help prevent the spread of oral HPV. But be aware that condoms or dams cannot fully protect you. This is because the virus can be on the nearby skin.

的 人乳头状瘤病毒疫苗 can help prevent 子宫颈癌. It's not clear if the vaccine can also help prevent oral HPV.

Ask your provider whether vaccination is right for you.

参考文献

Bonnez W. 乳头状瘤病毒. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 143.

Centers for Disease Control and 预防 website. HPV and oropharyngeal cancer. www.疾病预防控制中心.gov/cancer/hpv/basic_info/hpv_oropharyngeal.htm. Updated September 12, 2023. Accessed October 3, 2023.

Rettig E, Gourin CG, Fakhry C. Human papillomavirus and the epidemiology of head and neck cancer. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 74.