胰高血糖素血试验

定义

A glucagon blood test measures the amount of a hormone called glucagon in your blood. Glucagon is produced by specific cells in the pancreas. It helps control your blood sugar level by increasing blood sugar when it is too low.

选择的名字

细胞瘤 - glucagon test; Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I - glucagon test; Hypoglycemia - glucagon test; Low blood sugar - glucagon test

How the Test is Performed

A blood sample is needed.

How to Prepare for the Test

Your health care provider will tell you if you need to fast (not eat anything) for a period of time before the test.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

Why the Test is Performed

Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glucose. As the level of blood sugar decreases, the pancreas releases more glucagon. And as blood sugar increases, the pancreas releases less glucagon.

The provider may measure glucagon level if a person has symptoms of:

• Diabetes (not commonly measured)
• 细胞瘤 (rare tumor of the pancreas) with symptoms of a skin rash called necrotizing migratory erythema, 减肥, 轻微的糖尿病, 贫血, 口腔炎, 舌炎
• Growth hormone deficiency in children
• 肝 肝硬化 (scarring of the liver and poor liver function)
• 低血糖(低血糖症) -- most common reason
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (disease in which one or more of the endocrine glands are overactive or form a tumor)
• 胰腺炎 (inflammation of the pancreas)

正常的结果

The normal range is 50 to 100 pg/mL.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may indicate that the person may have a condition described above under Why the Test is Performed.

Some experts now believe that high glucagon levels in the blood contribute to the development of diabetes instead of just a low level of insulin. Medicines are being developed to decrease glucagon levels or block the signal from glucagon in the liver.

When your blood sugar is low, the level of glucagon in your blood should be high. 如果没有增加, this can help identify people that are at higher risk of severe 低血糖症 that can be dangerous.

Glucagon can be increased by prolonged fasting.

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. 胰高血糖素-血浆. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:580-581.

莫吉卡A，温斯托克RS. 碳水化合物. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 17.