库姆斯测试

定义

The 库姆斯测试 looks for 抗体 that may stick to your red blood cells and cause red blood cells to die too early.

选择的名字

直接 antiglobulin test; 间接 antiglobulin test; Anemia - hemolytic

How the Test is Performed

A 血液样本 是必要的.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is necessary for this test.

How the Test will Feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. 这很快就会消失.

Why the Test is Performed

There are two types of the 库姆斯测试:

• 直接
• 间接

The direct 库姆斯测试 is used to detect 抗体 that are stuck to the surface of red blood cells. Many diseases and drugs can cause this to happen. These 抗体 sometimes destroy red blood cells and cause 贫血. Your health care provider may recommend this test if you have signs or symptoms of 贫血 or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

The indirect 库姆斯测试 looks for 抗体 that are floating in the blood. These 抗体 could act against certain red blood cells. This test is most often done to determine if you may have a reaction to a blood transfusion.

正常的结果

A normal result is called a negative result. It means there was no clumping of cells and you have no 抗体 to red blood cells.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

An abnormal (positive) direct 库姆斯测试 means you have 抗体 that act against your red blood cells. 这可能是由于:

• 自身免疫性 溶血性贫血
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 或者类似的疾病
• Blood disease in newborns called erythroblastosis fetalis (also called hemolytic disease of the newborn)
• Infectious mononucleosis
• 支原体感染
• 梅毒
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• 输血反应, such as one due to improperly matched units of blood

The test result may also be abnormal without any clear cause, especially among the older people.

An abnormal (positive) indirect 库姆斯测试 means you have 抗体 that will act against red blood cells that your body views as foreign. 这可能表明:

• Erythroblastosis fetalis
• Incompatible blood match (when used in blood banks)

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 晕倒 or feeling lightheaded
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• 血肿 (blood buildup under the skin)
• 大出血
  
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Elghetany MT, Banki K. Erythrocytic disorders. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 33.

米歇尔·米. 自身免疫性 and intravascular 溶血性贫血s. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 151.